September 2012 marks the 70th anniversary of the so-called Wielka Szpera (Allgemeine Gehspere, General Curfew) - an action carried out by the Germans in the Łódź ghetto. As a result, over 15 thousand people were deported from the ghetto, including almost all children under 10 years of age. This concluded the first phase (lasting from January until September) of deportation of Jews to the extermination center at Chełmno on the Ner (Kulmhof).